Potentiometry and pH electrodes
Electroanalytical Methods · Chemistry
Molecule viewer
Interactive 3DBall-and-stick models with true bond angles — switch molecule to compare shapes.
Controls
Drag the sliders or type a value — the simulation updates live.
Study notes
A pH meter reads pH 3.0 in a solution. What is [H⁺]? Step 1: pH = −log[H⁺] → [H⁺] = 10^(−pH). Step 2: [H⁺] = 10⁻³ M = 0.001 M. Step 3: The glass electrode's potential shifted per Nernst equation. Step 4: Calibrated against buffers → voltage becomes pH!