HEART3D
Subject notebook
MBBS
“The human body is your textbook — train to heal, to diagnose, to save lives.”
369 topics · 4 chapters
Topics for MBBS
Ch. 1
MBBS — Pre-Clinical (Phase 1)
Human Anatomy
33 topics
- General anatomy: anatomical terms and planes
- Bones: classification, structure, ossification
- Joints: classification, types of synovial joints
- Muscles: types, structure, actions
- Upper limb: pectoral region, axilla, arm, forearm, hand
- Lower limb: gluteal region, thigh, leg, foot, arches
- Thorax: thoracic wall, lungs, pleura, mediastinum, heart, great vessels
- Abdomen: anterior abdominal wall, peritoneum, GI viscera, liver, spleen, pancreas
- Pelvis: pelvic viscera, perineum, urogenital diaphragm
- Head and neck: scalp, face, cranial fossae, orbit, nasal cavity, oral cavity
- Head and neck: pharynx, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid, salivary glands
- Back and spinal cord: vertebral column, spinal meninges
- Neuroanatomy: brain lobes, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus
- Neuroanatomy: brainstem, cerebellum, cranial nerves
- Neuroanatomy: ventricular system, CSF circulation, blood supply of brain
- Neuroanatomy: spinal tracts, limbic system, autonomic nervous system
- Histology: epithelium and glands
- Histology: connective tissue, cartilage, bone
- Histology: muscle tissue, nervous tissue
- Histology: circulatory system, lymphoid organs
- Histology: respiratory system, GI tract, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
- Histology: urinary system, male and female reproductive systems
- Histology: endocrine glands, skin, eye, ear
- Embryology: gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation
- Embryology: gastrulation, neurulation, fetal membranes
- Embryology: placenta and umbilical cord
- Embryology: development of heart and vascular system
- Embryology: development of GI tract, liver, respiratory system
- Embryology: development of urinary and genital systems
- Embryology: development of face, palate, tongue, teeth
- Embryology: development of nervous system and eye, ear
- Embryology: congenital anomalies and teratology
- Medical genetics: chromosomal disorders, inheritance patterns
Physiology
26 topics
- General physiology: cell, membrane transport, homeostasis
- Blood: RBC, hemoglobin, anemia basics, WBC, immunity basics
- Blood: platelets, hemostasis, coagulation, blood groups, transfusion
- Nerve and muscle: action potential, synapse, neuromuscular junction
- Nerve and muscle: muscle contraction, types of muscle fibers
- Cardiovascular system: cardiac cycle, heart sounds, ECG
- Cardiovascular system: hemodynamics, blood pressure regulation
- Cardiovascular system: cardiac output, coronary circulation, shock basics
- Respiratory system: mechanics of breathing, lung volumes
- Respiratory system: gas exchange, oxygen transport, regulation of respiration
- Respiratory system: hypoxia, high altitude and deep-sea physiology
- Renal system: GFR, tubular reabsorption and secretion
- Renal system: urine concentration, micturition, acid-base balance
- GI system: saliva, gastric secretion, pancreatic and biliary secretion
- GI system: digestion and absorption, GI motility, liver functions
- Endocrine system: pituitary hormones, thyroid hormones
- Endocrine system: adrenal cortex and medulla, pancreatic hormones
- Endocrine system: calcium homeostasis, parathyroid, vitamin D
- Reproductive system: male reproductive physiology, spermatogenesis
- Reproductive system: female cycle, pregnancy, lactation, contraception basics
- Neurophysiology: sensory receptors, ascending tracts, pain
- Neurophysiology: motor system, basal ganglia, cerebellum
- Neurophysiology: autonomic nervous system, hypothalamus
- Neurophysiology: higher functions — learning, memory, sleep, EEG
- Special senses: vision, hearing, taste, smell
- Exercise physiology, temperature regulation, aerospace basics
Biochemistry
25 topics
- Biomolecules: carbohydrates — structure and classification
- Biomolecules: lipids — structure, classification, lipoproteins
- Biomolecules: proteins — structure, classification, amino acids
- Biomolecules: nucleotides, nucleic acids, DNA structure
- Enzymes: kinetics, inhibition, regulation, clinical enzymology
- Bioenergetics: electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation
- Carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis, TCA cycle, gluconeogenesis
- Carbohydrate metabolism: glycogen metabolism, HMP shunt, diabetes biochemistry
- Lipid metabolism: fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, cholesterol metabolism
- Lipid metabolism: ketone bodies, eicosanoids, atherosclerosis biochemistry
- Protein metabolism: amino acid catabolism, urea cycle
- Protein metabolism: one-carbon metabolism, inborn errors of amino acid metabolism
- Nucleotide metabolism: purine and pyrimidine synthesis, gout
- Molecular biology: DNA replication, repair, mutations
- Molecular biology: transcription, translation, regulation of gene expression
- Molecular biology: recombinant DNA technology, PCR, blotting basics
- Vitamins: fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, deficiencies
- Minerals: iron, calcium, phosphate, trace elements
- Heme metabolism: synthesis, porphyrias, jaundice, bilirubin
- Clinical biochemistry: liver function tests, renal function tests
- Clinical biochemistry: arterial blood gas analysis, electrolytes
- Clinical biochemistry: tumor markers, cardiac markers
- Nutrition: BMR, balanced diet, protein-energy malnutrition
- Free radicals and antioxidants, xenobiotic metabolism
- Biochemistry of cancer, apoptosis basics
Ch. 2
MBBS — Para-Clinical (Phase 2)
Pathology
22 topics
- General pathology: cell injury, necrosis, apoptosis
- General pathology: cellular adaptations, intracellular accumulations
- General pathology: acute and chronic inflammation
- General pathology: tissue repair, wound healing, fibrosis
- General pathology: hemodynamic disorders — edema, thrombosis, embolism, infarction, shock
- General pathology: immunopathology — hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, transplant rejection
- General pathology: neoplasia — nomenclature, carcinogenesis, tumor spread, grading
- Hematology: anemias — iron deficiency, megaloblastic, hemolytic
- Hematology: leukemias, lymphomas, myeloproliferative disorders
- Hematology: bleeding disorders — ITP, hemophilia, DIC
- Hematology: blood transfusion reactions
- Cardiovascular pathology: atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, rheumatic heart disease
- Cardiovascular pathology: cardiomyopathies, pericardial disease, vasculitis
- Respiratory pathology: pneumonia, COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease, lung tumors
- GI pathology: esophagitis, gastritis, peptic ulcer, IBD, colorectal tumors
- Liver pathology: hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver tumors, gallbladder disease
- Renal pathology: glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, AKI, CKD, renal tumors
- Endocrine pathology: thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, pancreatic disorders
- Breast pathology: benign and malignant lesions
- Bone and soft tissue pathology: fractures healing, osteomyelitis, bone tumors
- CNS pathology: neurodegeneration, CNS tumors, demyelination
- Skin pathology basics, environmental and nutritional pathology
Pharmacology
24 topics
- General pharmacology: pharmacokinetics — absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
- General pharmacology: pharmacodynamics — receptors, dose-response, drug interactions
- General pharmacology: adverse drug reactions, pharmacovigilance
- Autonomic drugs: cholinergic agonists and antagonists
- Autonomic drugs: adrenergic agonists and antagonists
- Cardiovascular drugs: antihypertensives, antianginal drugs
- Cardiovascular drugs: heart failure drugs, antiarrhythmics, lipid-lowering drugs
- Cardiovascular drugs: anticoagulants, antiplatelets, thrombolytics
- CNS drugs: sedatives, hypnotics, antiepileptics
- CNS drugs: antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics
- CNS drugs: opioids, general anesthetics, local anesthetics
- CNS drugs: antiparkinsonian drugs, antimigraine drugs
- Antimicrobials: beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, quinolones
- Antimicrobials: antitubercular drugs, antileprosy drugs
- Antimicrobials: antifungals, antivirals, antiretroviral therapy
- Antimicrobials: antimalarials, antiamoebic, anthelmintics
- Endocrine drugs: insulin and oral hypoglycemics, thyroid drugs
- Endocrine drugs: corticosteroids, sex hormones, contraceptives
- Anticancer drugs: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, targeted therapy basics
- GI drugs: antacids, PPIs, antiemetics, laxatives
- Respiratory drugs: bronchodilators, antiasthma drugs, cough remedies
- Immunosuppressants and immunomodulators
- Drugs in pregnancy and lactation, pediatric and geriatric pharmacology
- Emergency drugs: adrenaline, vasopressors, antidotes
Microbiology
21 topics
- General microbiology: bacterial morphology, staining, culture media
- General microbiology: sterilization and disinfection, biomedical waste
- Bacteriology: gram-positive cocci — staphylococci, streptococci
- Bacteriology: gram-negative cocci, gram-positive bacilli
- Bacteriology: enterobacteriaceae — E. coli, salmonella, shigella, vibrio
- Bacteriology: mycobacteria — tuberculosis, leprosy
- Bacteriology: spirochetes, rickettsiae, chlamydiae, mycoplasma
- Bacteriology: anaerobes — clostridia, H. pylori, H. influenzae
- Virology: general virology, hepatitis viruses
- Virology: HIV and retroviruses, respiratory viruses — influenza, corona
- Virology: herpesviruses, arboviruses — dengue, chikungunya
- Virology: rabies, polio, oncogenic viruses
- Mycology: superficial, subcutaneous, systemic and opportunistic fungi
- Parasitology: intestinal protozoa — amoeba, giardia
- Parasitology: blood protozoa — malaria, leishmania, toxoplasma
- Parasitology: helminths — nematodes, cestodes, trematodes
- Immunology: innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antibodies
- Immunology: complement, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity
- Immunology: vaccines and immunization, transplant immunology
- Applied microbiology: hospital-acquired infections, infection control
- Applied microbiology: diagnostic methods — culture, serology, molecular tests
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
16 topics
- Legal procedures: inquest, courts, medical evidence
- Medical jurisprudence: consent, negligence, medical records
- Thanatology: death — types, signs, postmortem changes
- Autopsy: procedure, exhumation, artifacts
- Injuries: mechanical injuries, weapons, regional injuries
- Asphyxia: hanging, strangulation, drowning
- Thermal injuries: burns, electrocution, lightning
- Sexual offences: examination, virginity, pregnancy, delivery
- Infanticide, abortion, MTP Act
- Forensic psychiatry: insanity, criminal responsibility
- Toxicology: general principles, corrosives, irritants
- Toxicology: neurotoxic poisons — opium, barbiturates, alcohol
- Toxicology: cardiac poisons, asphyxiants — CO, cyanide
- Toxicology: agricultural poisons — organophosphates, aluminium phosphide
- Toxicology: snakebite and scorpion sting, plant poisons
- Forensic laboratory: DNA fingerprinting, toxicological analysis
Community Medicine
18 topics
- Concepts of health and disease, levels of prevention
- Epidemiology: measures of disease frequency, study designs
- Epidemiology: outbreak investigation, epidemic curves
- Biostatistics: data types, sampling, tests of significance
- Screening: validity of screening tests, natural history of disease
- Communicable diseases: surveillance and control principles
- Non-communicable diseases: prevention and control programs
- Nutrition: assessment, deficiency disorders, food fortification
- Environment: water, air, sanitation, waste management
- Maternal and child health: antenatal care, IMNCI
- Demography: indicators, population dynamics
- National health programs: NHM, UIP/immunization, NTEP (TB)
- National health programs: NVBDCP (vector-borne), NLEP (leprosy), NPCB (blindness)
- National programs: RCH, adolescent health, NCD program
- Occupational health: hazards, ESI Act, ergonomics
- Health planning and management, health economics basics
- International health: WHO, UNICEF, global health agencies
- Disaster management, biomedical waste management
Ch. 3
MBBS — Clinical (Phase 3 Part 1)
Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
14 topics
- Ear: anatomy and physiology of hearing and balance
- Ear: otitis externa, otitis media — acute, chronic, complications
- Ear: hearing loss — types, audiometry, hearing aids
- Ear: vertigo — Meniere's disease, BPPV, vestibular neuritis
- Ear: otosclerosis, facial nerve disorders, ear tumors
- Nose: rhinitis — allergic, vasomotor; nasal polyps
- Nose: sinusitis — acute, chronic, complications; epistaxis
- Nose: deviated nasal septum, nasal trauma, nasal tumors
- Throat: tonsillitis, adenoids, peritonsillar abscess
- Throat: pharyngitis, laryngitis, vocal cord disorders
- Throat: stridor, tracheostomy, laryngeal tumors
- Head and neck: neck swellings, salivary gland disorders
- Head and neck cancers: oral, oropharyngeal basics
- Audiology and speech therapy basics, cochlear implants
Ophthalmology
16 topics
- Ocular anatomy and physiology of vision
- Refractive errors: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, presbyopia
- Cataract: types, diagnosis, surgical management
- Glaucoma: open-angle, angle-closure, diagnosis, treatment
- Retinal diseases: diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, AMD
- Retinal diseases: retinal vascular occlusions
- Uveitis and ocular inflammation
- Corneal diseases: keratitis, corneal ulcers, corneal transplant basics
- Conjunctival disorders: conjunctivitis, pterygium, trachoma
- Eyelid disorders: stye, chalazion, blepharitis, ptosis
- Lacrimal system: dacryocystitis, epiphora
- Strabismus and amblyopia, nystagmus
- Ocular trauma: chemical injuries, foreign bodies, globe rupture
- Neuro-ophthalmology: optic neuritis, papilledema, visual field defects
- Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases
- Community ophthalmology: blindness prevention, eye donation
Ch. 4
MBBS — Clinical (Phase 3 Part 2)
General Medicine
27 topics
- Cardiology: ischemic heart disease — angina, MI
- Cardiology: heart failure, cardiomyopathies
- Cardiology: arrhythmias, conduction blocks, valvular heart disease
- Cardiology: hypertension, pericardial diseases, infective endocarditis
- Respiratory medicine: asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis
- Respiratory medicine: pneumonia, tuberculosis, pleural diseases
- Respiratory medicine: interstitial lung disease, lung cancer, respiratory failure
- Neurology: stroke — ischemic, hemorrhagic; TIA
- Neurology: epilepsy, movement disorders — Parkinson's disease
- Neurology: dementia, Alzheimer's; demyelinating diseases — MS
- Neurology: meningitis, encephalitis, neuropathies, myopathies, MG
- Gastroenterology: GERD, peptic ulcer disease, GI bleeding
- Gastroenterology: inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption, IBS
- Gastroenterology: hepatitis — viral, alcoholic; cirrhosis and complications
- Gastroenterology: pancreatitis, gallbladder disease
- Endocrinology: diabetes mellitus — type 1, type 2, complications
- Endocrinology: thyroid disorders — hypo, hyper, thyroiditis
- Endocrinology: adrenal disorders, pituitary disorders, calcium disorders
- Nephrology: acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease
- Nephrology: glomerular diseases, tubular disorders, dialysis basics
- Hematology: anemias, leukemias, lymphomas, myeloma
- Hematology: bleeding and clotting disorders
- Rheumatology: rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, spondyloarthropathies, gout
- Infectious diseases: HIV/AIDS, malaria, dengue, typhoid
- Infectious diseases: sepsis, tropical infections, COVID-19
- Geriatric medicine, poisoning and envenomation management
- Critical care basics: ventilators, vasopressors, ABG interpretation
General Surgery
18 topics
- General surgery: wound healing, surgical infections, tetanus, gas gangrene
- General surgery: shock — types and management; burns
- General surgery: preoperative and postoperative care, fluid management
- General surgery: hernias — inguinal, femoral, incisional, umbilical
- General surgery: acute abdomen — appendicitis, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction
- General surgery: colorectal — hemorrhoids, fissure, fistula, colorectal cancer
- Hepatobiliary surgery: gallstones, cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice
- Hepatobiliary surgery: liver abscess, portal hypertension, liver tumors
- Pancreatic surgery: pancreatitis, pancreatic tumors
- Breast surgery: benign breast disease, breast cancer
- Thyroid and parathyroid surgery: goiter, thyroid cancer
- Urology: UTI, urolithiasis, BPH, prostate cancer, bladder tumors
- Trauma: ATLS principles, head injury basics, chest and abdominal trauma
- Vascular surgery: varicose veins, DVT, peripheral arterial disease
- Oncosurgery basics: staging, biopsy, principles of cancer surgery
- Plastic surgery basics: skin grafts, flaps, cleft management
- Pediatric surgery basics: common congenital anomalies
- Minimally invasive surgery: laparoscopy basics, endoscopy
Pediatrics
17 topics
- Neonatology: normal newborn care, APGAR, neonatal resuscitation
- Neonatology: prematurity, low birth weight, neonatal jaundice
- Neonatology: neonatal sepsis, respiratory distress, birth asphyxia
- Growth and development: milestones, developmental delay
- Nutrition: breastfeeding, complementary feeding, malnutrition — SAM, MAM
- Nutrition: vitamin deficiencies, rickets, anemia in children
- Immunization: national immunization schedule, cold chain
- Infectious diseases: measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
- Infectious diseases: dengue, malaria in children
- Respiratory: pneumonia, bronchiolitis, asthma in children
- GI: diarrhea, dehydration management, worm infestations
- Cardiology: congenital heart diseases — acyanotic and cyanotic
- Neurology: febrile seizures, epilepsy, cerebral palsy
- Nephrology: nephrotic syndrome, UTI in children
- Hematology: thalassemia, hemophilia, ITP in children
- Pediatric emergencies: shock, status epilepticus, poisoning
- Behavioral and adolescent health basics
Obstetrics and Gynecology
18 topics
- Obstetrics: preconception care, antenatal care, high-risk pregnancy
- Obstetrics: normal labor — stages, mechanisms, partograph
- Obstetrics: abnormal labor — malpresentations, obstructed labor, C-section
- Obstetrics: preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension
- Obstetrics: antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, PPH management
- Obstetrics: multiple pregnancy, preterm labor, PROM, IUGR
- Obstetrics: medical disorders in pregnancy — diabetes, heart disease, anemia
- Obstetrics: abortions, ectopic pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic disease
- Obstetrics: puerperium — normal and abnormal, lactation
- Gynecology: menstrual disorders — menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea
- Gynecology: PCOS, endometriosis, adenomyosis
- Gynecology: fibroids, ovarian cysts and tumors, cervical cancer screening
- Gynecology: genital prolapse, urinary incontinence
- Gynecology: infertility — evaluation and management basics
- Gynecology: contraception — methods, emergency contraception
- Gynecology: menopause and HRT, puberty disorders
- Gynecology: sexually transmitted infections in women
- Operative OBGYN: episiotomy, forceps, vacuum, hysterectomy basics
Orthopedics
14 topics
- Fracture basics: classification, healing, principles of management
- Fracture basics: open fractures, compartment syndrome, fat embolism
- Upper limb fractures: clavicle, humerus, forearm, Colles', hand injuries
- Lower limb fractures: hip fractures, femoral shaft, tibial, ankle
- Spinal injuries: cervical, thoracolumbar, disc prolapse, sciatica
- Dislocations: shoulder, elbow, hip
- Arthritis: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis
- Bone infections: osteomyelitis, tuberculosis of bone and spine
- Bone tumors: benign and malignant — osteosarcoma, Ewing's
- Metabolic bone disease: osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia
- Pediatric orthopedics: CTEV, DDH, Perthes disease, SCFE
- Sports injuries: ACL tear, meniscal injury, rotator cuff
- Amputations and prosthetics basics, clubfoot management
- Orthopedic implants and fixation principles
Psychiatry
12 topics
- Psychoses: schizophrenia, delusional disorders
- Mood disorders: depression, bipolar disorder, suicide risk
- Anxiety disorders: GAD, panic, phobias, OCD, PTSD
- Substance use disorders: alcohol, opioids, cannabis, tobacco
- Somatoform and dissociative disorders
- Personality disorders, eating disorders
- Child psychiatry: ADHD, autism, intellectual disability
- Geriatric psychiatry: dementia, delirium
- Psychosexual disorders, sleep disorders
- Psychopharmacology: antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers
- Psychotherapy basics: CBT, counseling, ECT
- Mental Health Act basics, emergency psychiatry
Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy
14 topics
- Bacterial skin infections: impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis
- Viral skin infections: warts, herpes, molluscum
- Fungal infections: dermatophytosis, candidiasis, pityriasis versicolor
- Eczema and dermatitis: atopic, contact, seborrheic
- Psoriasis and papulosquamous disorders
- Acne, rosacea, pigmentary disorders — vitiligo, melasma
- Hair disorders: alopecia; nail disorders
- Blistering diseases: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid
- Urticaria, drug reactions — SJS, TEN
- Leprosy: classification, reactions, management, NLEP
- Sexually transmitted infections: syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, LGV
- HIV dermatology, scabies, pediculosis
- Skin tumors: basal cell, squamous cell, melanoma basics
- Cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease
Anesthesiology
12 topics
- Preoperative assessment and perioperative care
- General anesthesia: stages, inhalational and IV agents
- Regional anesthesia: spinal, epidural, nerve blocks
- Local anesthetics: pharmacology and toxicity
- Airway management: intubation, LMA, difficult airway
- Monitoring: pulse oximetry, capnography, hemodynamic monitoring
- Muscle relaxants and reversal agents
- Pain management: acute, chronic, labor analgesia
- CPR and BLS/ACLS, anaphylaxis management
- Anesthesia for special populations and day-care surgery
- Postoperative complications: PONV, respiratory depression
- ICU basics: ventilator modes, sedation
Radiodiagnosis
10 topics
- Imaging physics: X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, nuclear medicine basics
- Chest imaging: pneumonia, TB, pleural effusion, pneumothorax
- Abdominal imaging: intestinal obstruction, gallstones, renal stones
- Skeletal imaging: fractures, arthritis, bone tumors
- Neuroimaging: stroke, head injury, brain tumors
- Contrast studies: barium, IVU, angiography
- Obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound basics
- Interventional radiology basics
- Radiation safety and protection
- Emergency radiology: trauma series, FAST
Emergency Medicine and Critical Care
7 topics
- Triage principles, primary and secondary survey
- Airway, breathing, circulation emergencies
- Shock management, sepsis bundles
- Acute coronary syndrome management, stroke thrombolysis basics
- Poisoning and overdose management
- Trauma resuscitation, hemorrhage control
- Common medical emergencies: DKA, status epilepticus, anaphylaxis
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
5 topics