Ear: anatomy and physiology of hearing and balance
Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) · MBBS
Study notes
On a flight descent, your ears pop — the Eustachian tube just equalized pressure. The middle ear is an air pocket behind the eardrum: as cabin pressure rises, the drum bulges inward until the Eustachian tube (nose-to-ear channel) opens with a swallow — pop, pressure equalized. The ossicle chain (malleus-incus-stapes — the body's smallest bones) amplifies sound ~22× from drum to cochlea, where hair cells translate vibration into nerve signals. The pop is plumbing — pressure physics in a tiny air room.
Related topics
- Ear: otitis externa, otitis media — acute, chronic, complications
- Ear: hearing loss — types, audiometry, hearing aids
- Ear: vertigo — Meniere's disease, BPPV, vestibular neuritis
- Ear: otosclerosis, facial nerve disorders, ear tumors
- Nose: rhinitis — allergic, vasomotor; nasal polyps
- Nose: sinusitis — acute, chronic, complications; epistaxis