General surgery: wound healing, surgical infections, tetanus, gas gangrene
General Surgery · MBBS
Study notes
A rusty nail wound with lockjaw — tetanus; ATS, metronidazole, and wound cleaning. Tetanus (Clostridium tetani — dirty wounds: lockjaw/trismus, risus sardonicus, spasms): treatment — ATS (antitoxin) + metronidazole/penicillin + wound debridement + ICU (spasms — diazepam); prevention — toxoid vaccine (TT) — the real cure. Gas gangrene (C. perfringens — crepitus, foul sweet odor, rapid: emergency wide debridement/amputation + penicillin + clindamycin). Necrotizing fasciitis (pain out of proportion — surgical emergency — debride). Wound healing (hemostasis → inflammation → proliferation — granulation → remodeling — scar): factors — nutrition, diabetes, infection. The lockjaw is the toxin — vaccine is the prevention.
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