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A boy with knee bleeds after minor trauma — hemophilia A; factor VIII replaces. Hemophilia A (X-linked — factor VIII deficiency: joint bleeds — hemarthrosis, muscle hematomas; aPTT prolonged): factor VIII concentrate on demand/prophylaxis; desmopressin for mild. ITP (isolated thrombocytopenia — petechiae, mucosal: steroids, IVIG; splenectomy/rituximab chronic). vWD (commonest inherited — mucosal — desmopressin). DIC (consumption — sepsis, trauma: treat cause, platelets/plasma). Thrombosis — DVT/PE (heparin → warfarin/DOAC; warfarin — INR 2–3, vitamin K reversal). Platelet bleeding is mucosal — factor bleeding is deep joints.