Neurophysiology: sensory receptors, ascending tracts, pain
Physiology · MBBS
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Study notes
A heart attack patient feels pain in the left arm, not the chest. This is referred pain — visceral and somatic fibres converge on the same spinal cord neurons, and the brain misattributes the heart's distress to the arm/jaw (shared T1–T4 segments). Gallbladder pain refers to the right shoulder (phrenic nerve, C3–C5); kidney pain to the groin. The pattern is diagnostic: pain's location reveals the organ when you know the wiring.
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