Renal system: GFR, tubular reabsorption and secretion
Physiology · MBBS
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A diabetic's blood sugar is 300 mg/dL and glucose appears in urine. The proximal tubule reabsorbs all glucose up to its transport maximum (~180 mg/dL blood level). Beyond that, carriers saturate — excess glucose spills into urine (glycosuria), dragging water with it (osmotic diuresis): the classic polyuria of uncontrolled diabetes. The kidney's glucose threshold is thus a built-in alarm — sugar in urine means blood sugar exceeded the tubule's capacity.
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