Group 15 (nitrogen family): ammonia, oxides of nitrogen, nitric acid, phosphorus allotropes, phosphoric acid
p-Block Elements · Chemistry
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Why must ammonia be removed continuously in the Haber process? Step 1: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ is exothermic and reversible; equilibrium conversion is low (~15%). Step 2: Cooling the gas mixture liquefies NH₃ (bp −33°C), removing it. Step 3: By Le Chatelier, removing product shifts equilibrium right → more NH₃. Step 4: Unreacted N₂/H₂ are recycled. Engineering beats equilibrium!
Related topics
- Group 13 (boron family): borax, boric acid, diborane, aluminium compounds
- Group 14 (carbon family): allotropes of carbon, CO, CO2, silicones, silicates
- Group 16 (oxygen family): ozone, sulphur allotropes, sulphuric acid, oxides
- Group 17 (halogens): chlorine, HCl, oxoacids of halogens, interhalogen compounds
- Group 18 (noble gases): xenon fluorides and oxides
- Inert pair effect