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Gallbladder removed through three tiny cuts — laparoscopic cholecystectomy; home in a day. Laparoscopy (pneumoperitoneum — CO2 12–15 mmHg; ports — camera + instruments: advantages — less pain, short stay, cosmesis; common — cholecystectomy — gold standard; appendectomy; hernia — TEP/TAPP; fundoplication; risks — entry injury — bowel/vessels — Hasson open entry safer; contraindications — unstable, massive adhesions). Endoscopy (UGI — varices — banding; ulcers — biopsy; bleeding — clipping; colonoscopy — polyps — snare, cancer screening; ERCP — CBD stones — sphincterotomy, stenting; EUS — staging). The camera is the eye — triangulation is the skill.