Virology: HIV and retroviruses, respiratory viruses — influenza, corona
Microbiology · MBBS
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Study notes
An HIV patient with CD4 80 develops headache — cryptococcal antigen positive. At CD4 <100, Cryptococcus (fungus) causes meningitis — induction amphotericin B + flucytosine, then fluconazole; ART starts 2–5 weeks later (avoiding IRIS). Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis at CD4 <200 prevents PCP and toxoplasmosis. The CD4 count is HIV's compass — every threshold triggers its prophylaxis; staging by numbers saves lives.
Related topics
- General microbiology: bacterial morphology, staining, culture media
- General microbiology: sterilization and disinfection, biomedical waste
- Bacteriology: gram-positive cocci — staphylococci, streptococci
- Bacteriology: gram-negative cocci, gram-positive bacilli
- Bacteriology: enterobacteriaceae — E. coli, salmonella, shigella, vibrio
- Bacteriology: mycobacteria — tuberculosis, leprosy